The former player: 'I wanted to continue playing'
Warning: This piece contains descriptions of discriminatory language and conduct
FormerEngland centre Luther Burrell says that going public to expose racism in rugby union led his professional journey to an early conclusion.
In a June 2022, Burrell characterized racism as being "rife" in the game, showing digital communications and recalling training ground "comments" he had been exposed to while representing Newcastle.
Then 34 and out of contract, Burrell's only professional rugby since has been a handful of games with guest team the Barbarians.
"I've have definitely had to end my career because of what happened," he explained to media outlets.
"I wanted to carry on playing, naturally I did. I sought that, and it collapsed when word came out that there were inquiries going on.
"This situation was difficult - I had to simply come to terms with the outcome and understand that this whole process is a lot more important than me."
A sports organization report in 2023 found Burrell's allegations were accurate "likely correct", but stated it could not gather enough evidence to categorically say they occurred at Newcastle.
Luther Burrell started all of England's international games in 2014-15, but was surprisingly excluded for their team for the 2015 tournament
Burrell revealed to media he also faced discrimination within the England set-up, during a Test career that saw him earn 15 appearances after his debut in February 2014.
"I've had multiple traumatic experiences within the national team," he said.
"Some discrimination and other just outdated thinking that's really unacceptable."
Racism had become normalised in dressing rooms, in Burrell's experience.
"It's something that has been dressed up as humour and that's been the issue that I've personally suffered and witnessed," said Burrell, who is of Jamaican heritage.
"During a period of time you just begin to believe that it's the norm and that is acceptable and that it's not malicious, but that's incorrect."
Burrell says he was eventually motivated to speak out after a team-mate at Newcastle referred to him as a "slave" and told him to put sun cream on his arms and legs "where your shackles were."
The governing body said Burrell's disclosures had led to "increased scrutiny at the environment within the elite game and to the introduction of an strategy for the professional game."
"The organization has given significant focus on inclusion and inclusion in the sport and a great deal of work completed both prior and after Luther Burrell spoke publicly and shared his experiences of racism and classism," it continued.
"We are ongoing work with teams and stakeholders in the elite level to work for a environment of inclusivity but acknowledge this takes time and is an continuous effort."
Every Premiership and PWR club now has face-to-face training on creating welcoming environments, with its success tracked via specific documentation and surveys.
All England players, including youth squads, are educated in being "engaged observers" to step in and protect others from harmful behaviour.
"You should be so proud of what you have accomplished," Burrell's mother Joyce told him as part of the documentary Luther Burrell - Rugby, Racism and Redemption.
"I know it has had this effect on you and finished your career, but in our eyes, you have achieved so much. We are so impressed of you and to have you as a family member."
Burrell's dad Geoff passed away soon after the production of the film, and his sibling died earlier this year.
Burrell, who grew up on a council estate in his hometown, continues his work to make the game more accessible.
His charitable organization works to reach young people in under-served communities and support them thrive on and off the field with complimentary sports coaching, mentoring and nutrition education.
"My personal intentions are genuine, I want to see the evolution of the sport and if others is prepared to tell their story then I'll persist to fight that fight because I'm not just pursuing this for myself," he explained.
"We have an obligation to make the sport as excellent as it can be and the more I speak about it hopefully the more comfortable fellow players will feel about discussing their own stories as well.
"I take the bull by the horns and continue bearing this banner and keep carrying this weight and accomplish what I can to create possibilities and make the sport more attractive and more welcoming.
"There are a lot of disadvantaged young people and a lot of poverty and I sincerely think that the sport has the potential to change their futures, just as it transformed things for me."
Burrell scored for the Barbarians on a comeback to former club Northampton in November 2022